Nutrient Groups

The nutrients found in food can be divided into groups: CARBOHYDRATES, FATS, PROTEINS, MINERALS, VITAMINS. In addition to these groups of nutrients the body cannot function properly without WATER and DIETARY FIBRE.

All of these substances perform one or more of the following duties in their care of the body.

• Provide energy or fuel for the body.
  
• Promote growth and repair wear and tear.
  
• Regulate the body's various functions.

Carbohydrates

This nutrient group provides the body with about 40-50% of its energy or fuel requirements. The main source of carbohydrates are sugars and starches such as cereals, bread, pasta, potatoes and other vegetables and fruits.

Interestingly enough carbohydrates used to be a much maligned group of foods. They were considered the slimmer's enemy — "No potatoes for me, I'm on a diet!". Modern nutrition has recognised this attitude as one of the most common food fallacies.

Unrefined carbohydrates are also a vital source of dietary fibre.

It is the refined carbohydrates (sugar or white flour, for example) that are the dieter's enemy, not to mention the added fats that are wished on the unsuspecting potato in the form of frying oil or lashings of butter.

Fats

Oils, butter and animal fats are the body's most potent sources of energy — just a little goes a long way! On a weight basis, fats have more than twice as many kilojoules as carbohydrates or protein.

The words "saturated" and "unsaturated" are much bandied around these days. Fairly recent nutritional research has classified the various types of fats by their chemical structure. Saturated fats are mostly found in animal products (meat and dairy products) while unsaturated fats come mainly from plants (e.g. safflower oil). It has been medically proven that saturated fats raise the level of blood cholesterol which increases the risk of heart disease.

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